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AlzRisk Paper Detail
Risk Factors
Alcohol
B Vitamins
Blood Pressure
Cognitive Activity
Diabetes Mellitus
Dietary Pattern
Head injury
Homocysteine
Hormone Therapy
Inflammatory Biomarkers
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Nutritional Antioxidants
Obesity
Physical Activity
Statin use
Reference:
Ravaglia, 2005
Cohort:
Conselice Study of Brain Aging
Risk Factor:
Homocysteine
Average Follow-up Time Detail
"Mean follow-up time was 3.8 ± 0.8 y."
Exposure Detail
Because of plasma tHcy highly skewed distribution, the use of natural log-transformed values was provided for the analyses. "We defined hyperhomocysteinemia as a plasma tHcy concentration > 15umol/L, corresponding to the 95th percentile among a selected subsample of healthy CSBA participants who were not taking drugs known to affect homocysteine metabolism and had good B vitamin status and normal renal function."
"The overall geometric mean plasma tHcy concentration was 13.0 (95%CI: 6.3-26.9) µmol/L and ranged from 5.5 to 80 µmol/L. Hyperhomocystenemia was present in 26.6% of the subjects."
Ethnicity Detail
Italian population
Age Detail
Mean age was 72.6 ± 5.7 y for normal plasma tHcy (≤15 µmol/L, n=599). Mean age was 76.1 ± 7.2 y for hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 µmol/L, n=217).
Screening and Diagnosis Detail
Screening Method:
MMSE
Mini-Mental State Examination (Folstein 1975)
AD Diagnosis:
NINCDS ADRDA
National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Criteria (McKhann 1984)
Total dementia definition
: Dementia diagnosis via DSM-IV.
"AD was diagnosed on the basis of NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable or possible AD."
Covariates & Analysis Detail
Analysis Type:
Cox proportional hazards regression
Ravaglia et al (Ravaglia, 2007)reported that hyperhomocysteinemia was independetly associated with Alzheimer's disease (HR,1.91; 95%CI, 1.02-3.56) but not vascular dementia risk. No inflammatory marker (CRP, IL6, plasma alpha-1-antichymotrypsin), alone or in combination, predicted AD risk whereas the combination of high CRP and high IL6 was associated with risk of VaD (HR,2.56, 95%CI, 1.21-5.50) independently of socio-demiographic confounders, traditional risk factors and hyperhomocysteinemia.
AD Covariates:
A
age
E
education
G
gender
APOE4
APOE e4 genotype
CRT
serum creatinine
FOL
serum folate
VTB
vitamin B12
TD Covariates:
A
age
E
education
G
gender
APOE4
APOE e4 genotype
CRT
serum creatinine
FOL
serum folate
VTB
vitamin B12