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Risk Factors
Alcohol
B Vitamins
Blood Pressure
Cognitive Activity
Diabetes Mellitus
Dietary Pattern
Head injury
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Statin use
Reference:
Luchsinger, 2004
Cohort:
Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project
Risk Factor:
Diabetes Mellitus
Average Follow-up Time Detail
Insulin assays were obtained on 920 individuals, 147 of whom had prevalent dementia. Of the 773 individuals in the incident cohort, 90 had no follow-up observations, leaving 683 individuals in the analysis sample.
Exposure Detail
In this study, the authors categorized study participants according to their fasting insulin in two different ways. This row reports the results for the categorization which compares individuals across quartiles of fasting insulin.
"Fasting insulin levels were measured in μIU/mL from serum collected at baseline under overnight fasting conditions and frozen at 70 °C. Insulin levels were measured using a solid phase chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (Immulite, Diagnostic Products, Los Angeles, CA)."
Ethnicity Detail
Study participants were grouped into one of three ethnicity groups: African-American (30.8%), Caucasian (20.4%) and Hispanic (48.8%).
Screening and Diagnosis Detail
AD Diagnosis:
NINCDS ADRDA
National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Criteria (McKhann 1984)
Total dementia definition:
DSM-IV criteria and evidence of: cognitive deficit on neuropsychological testing and social or occupational function impairment (CDR > 1).
"Diagnosis of AD was based on the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria.
22
"
Covariates & Analysis Detail
Analysis Type:
Cox proportional hazards regression
"Cox proportional hazards regression was used for multivariate analyses using age at the time of diagnosis of dementia as the time-to-event variable.
41
Individuals with dementia not caused by the subtype of interest were censored at the time of onset of dementia."
AD Covariates:
A
age
E
education
G
gender
APOE4
APOE e4 genotype